铜钛合金强度与导电率协同提升:成分设计、微观结构和加工工艺

Synergistic Enhancement in Strength and Electrical Con-ductivity of Cu-Ti Alloys: Composition Design, Microstructure, and Processing

摘要:

Cu-Ti合金因具有出色其优异的的机械强度，已在航空航天、电气工程、轨道交通等领域得到广泛应用。然而，较低的导电率限制了其应用领域，Ti元素的偏析、氧化和不连续析出等问题也限制了其综合性能的提升和工程领域的应用。本文综述了Cu-Ti合金微观组织演变及性能调控方面的研究进展，阐述了连续析出相与不连续析出相形成机理及其演变对合金力学性能与导电性能的影响规律。此外，还总结了成分设计策略、先进制备技术以及热机械处理。在此基础上，提出了基于成分优化调控、热处理工艺优化和显微组织调控等综合手段，构建多尺度多相协同强化的异质结构是进一步提高Cu-Ti合金拉伸强度、屈服强度和导电率的可行技术路径，有望制备出具有良好加工性能、高强、高导铜合金，满足电气、航空等高端制造领域的高速发展需求。

Abstract:

Cu-Ti alloys, owing to their excellent mechanical strength, have been widely applied in aerospace, electrical engineering, and rail transit. However, issues including relatively low electrical conductivity (EC), Ti element segregation, oxidation, and discontinuous precipitation have constrained the enhancement of their comprehensive performance and engineering applications. This research reviewed recent progress on the evolution of microstructure and performance regulation of Cu-Ti alloys, with a focus on the analysis of the formation mechanism of precipitates and their influence on the mechanical properties and EC of the alloys. The composition design strategies, advanced preparation technologies, and thermo-mechanical treatment were also summarized. On this basis, it is proposed that constructing a heterogeneous structure with multiscale and multiphase strengthening is a feasible technical path to further improve the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and EC of Cu-Ti alloys through improvements in composition design, hot treatment process, and microstructure control. This work is expected to develop copper alloys with good processability, high strength, and high EC to meet the rapid development of high-end manufacturing fields such as electrical engineering and aerospace.